Definitely the transistor, since its been so seriously ommited before :)
One of my favorite was the turk, supposedly the very first chess playing machine well before the invention of computers, with a chess master hidden within it, it was held to be a wonder of amazing proportion in its days, until its secret was finally revealed.
Wiki link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turk
So small yet so deadly, no wonders we all have this instinctual fear of those creepy crawler...
Like I mentioned in another comment, without the invention of the transistor modern computers just would be possible, so I do believe that it is the most profound element to have ever changed the development of computers.
When you think about it, we believed for so long so many things that were wrong, it must have been hard to make this list. Which makes it even more painful when you see things in this day and age such as creationist, and the flat earth society, or even worse, people who think that the human race is divided and some are superior to others... If anything, the bright side is that we seem ever moving forward in our understanding of the universe and all its wonders.
Without John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain we wouldn't even be discussing this list.
I'd like to see a fight between a honey badger and a wolverine, I'm sure it would be the only answer as to which is the most ferocious animal, then the winner could take on a tasmanian devil :)
Nice list, next you should make one with gamma ray photography :)
Nice list, also, hummingbirds are the only birds who can fly backward, some of them have to eat several time their bodyweight in a single day to survive. Octopi also have a very rare characteristic, of having rectangula pupils, which gives them extremely good eyesight and awesome all around vision, the female also will only lay eggs once and die as soon as her eggs mature, defending them with her very last gulp of oxygenated water...
In regard to dying by drinking too much water and thus depriving your body of its salt, its a pretty extreme thing to do, as it requires truelly huge quantities of waters, on the order of several gallons of waters. To die by salt overdose is a lot easier in comparison like you posted.
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